First, the tale. Homer of course is the starting point, with the Iliad and the Odyssey. But it is as well to make clear at the start that he was drawing on a vast cycle of stories which dealt with the Trojan War. The Iliad in fact deals with only one episode covering a few weeks in the tenth year of the war. In classical times a great series of epics, now lost or in fragments, told those parts of the story ignored by the earlier Homeric poems, and some of these, like the epics known as the Kypria and the Sack of Ilios, were evidently of great scope and power. They were composed soon after Homer: if he lived in the late eighth century BC (see Chapter 4) then his successors were probably working around 700 BC or soon after, by which time writing was becoming widespread in Greece. These successors to Homer may have written down their epics, but it is clear from the surviving fragments that they, like Homer, were drawing heavily on a long oral tradition. [download]
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