Private Sector and Enterprise Development

Private Sector and Enterprise Development 

By: Lois Stevenson

Before beginning the more detailed discussion of private sector and enterprise development in The MENA-12 countries. Chapter 1 lays out the landscape of private sector development. Covering its many facets, the different view helds by donors and internationals organizations about what it is. The policy areas implicated in creating a favourable environment for the emergence of a robust private sector and why this is important for growth. It present a framework of the major component of PSD and makes the case for an integrated approach to PSD to address the growth and equity challenges in developing countries. In 1995 the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the organization for economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defined the private sector as “a basic organizing principls of economic activity where private ownership is an important factor. [download]

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Principles Economics

Principles Economics 

By: N. Gregory Mankiw

The word economy comes from the Greek word oikonomos, which means “one who manages a household.” At first, this origin might seem peculiar. But in fact, households and economies have much in common. A household faces many decisions. It must decide which members of the household do which tasks and what each member gets in return: Who cooks dinner? Who does the laundry? Who gets the extra dessert at dinner? Who gets to choose what TV show to watch? In short, the household must allocate its scarce resources among its various members, taking into account each member’s abilities, efforts, and desires. Like a household, a society faces many decisions. A society must find some way to decide what jobs will be done and who will do them. It needs some people to grow food, other people to make clothing, and still others to design computer software. Once society has allocated people (as well as land, buildings, and machines) to various jobs, it must also allocate the output of goods and services they produce. [download]

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Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics

By: N. Gregory Mankiw

Why have some countries experienced rapid growth in incomes over the past century while others stay mired in poverty? Why do some countries have high rates of inflation while others maintain stable prices? Why do all countries experience recessions and depressions recurrent periods of falling incomes and rising unemployment and how can government policy reduce the frequency and severity of these episodes? Macroeconomics, the study of the economy as a whole, attempts to answer these and many related questions. To appreciate the importance of macroeconomics, you need only read the newspaper or listen to the news. Every day you can see headlines such as INCOME GROWTH REBOUNDS, FED MOVES TO COMBAT INFLATION, or STOCKS FALL AMID RECESSION FEARS. These macroeconomic events may seem abstract, but they touch all of our lives. [download]

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International Economics

International Economics 

By: Barbara Ingham

International Economics is the application of economic theory to situations in which countries are closely connected, through the exchange of goods and services, or through some other type of economic relationship, such as that between a creditor country and a debtor country. International economics is concerned with the interrelationships and interdependencies between national economies. Paul Samuelson, Nobel prizewinner and one of the foremost economists in the world today, has written that no complete understanding of any modern economy is possible without a thorough grounding in international economics. International economics illuminates the interaction between domestic economic events, and important changes in the world economy. Samuelson himself has made important theoretical contributions to the pure theory of trade. [download]

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The Political Economy of Hazards and Disasters

The Political Economy of Hazards and Disasters

By: Eric C. Jones and Arthur D. Murphy

Now that it is a confirmed generalization that vulnerability to disaster impact is mediated by larger social processes, we find it compelling to link the political economy of disaster with the daily lives of individuals, households, and communities who have experienced extreme events. Because of the ubiquity of hazards and a per capita increase in disasters in some regions of the world (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 2003), we are called to systematically study how societies incorporate extreme events, whether chronic or one-time/short-lived, into their social, political, and ideological structure. As ethnographers, we are interested in the daily lives of people who are impacted by disasters. As students of economic dynamics, we are specifically interested in how strategies for capital accumulation construct and distribute vulnerability to hazards and cause human disasters. [download]

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Freakonomics

Freakonomics 

By: Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dabner

Anyone living in theUnited Statesin the early 1990s and paying even a whisper of attention to the nightly news or a daily paper could be forgiven for having been scared out of his skin. The culprit was crime. It had been rising relentlessly a graph plotting the crime rate in any American city over recent decades looked like a ski slope in profile and it seemed now to herald the end of the world as we knew it. Death by gunfire, intentional and otherwise, had become commonplace. So too had carjacking and crack dealing, robbery and rape. Violent crime was a gruesome, constant companion. And things were about to get even worse. Much worse. All the experts were saying so. The cause was the so-called superpredator. For a time, he was everywhere. Glowering from the cover of newsweeklies. Swaggering his way through foot-thick government reports. [download]

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International Economics

International Economics 

By: Paul R. Krugman

You could say that the study of international trade and finance is where the discipline of economics as we know it began. Historians of economic thought often describe the essay “Of the balance of trade” by the Scottish philosopher David Hume as the first real exposition of an economic model. Hume published his essay in 1758, almost 20 years before his friend Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations. And the debates over British trade policy in the early nineteenth century did much to convert economics from a discursive, informal field to the model-oriented subject it has been ever since. Yet the study of international economics has never been as important as it is now. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, nations are more closely linked through trade in goods and services, through flows of money, through investment in each other’s economies than ever before. [download]

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Everyday Economics

Everyday Economics 

By: Lawrence H. Officer 

This book is for Everyman and Everywoman: Economics is for everyone. It is for people like you educated, intelligent, and aware who want to understand the world better and want to make the best decisions in their daily lives. That is why the book is called  everyday Economics.Many people think of economics as a dry, scholarly subject. But that is not the economics of this book. If life is exciting, then economics is exciting. If you want a better life, then economics is for you. You don’t have to be an economist to understand how economics affects you. You don’t have to be an economist to use economics to improve your life. Everyday Economics gives you an engaging way of looking at the world, and gives you practical advice on making financial decisions. [download]

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Digitalization in Open Economies

Digitalization in Open Economies

By: Michael Vogelsang

Long economic waves, also called Kondratiev waves, are related to inventions and technologies, which change not only production processes but also the way of living. After the steam, steel, electricity, and petrochemical revolutions, network-based digitalization is the driving force today on the stage of business and private life. The Internet as a mass phenomenon, which began in the 1990s, allows easy and cheap connection of information technology systems. The next steps of technological progress as well as innovations in business and social life rely on information technology. As Nefiodow (2001) puts it: The 6. Kondratiev wave, which could be health and bioengineering, will be based on today’s 5. Kondratiev wave, which is information technology. Atechnological prerequisite of these developments is digitalization,whichmeans the expression of information in strings of 0 and 1, called binary or digital strings. [download]

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Political Economy

Political Economy 

By: Barry R. Weingast and Donald A Wittman

Over its long lifetime, the phrase “political economy” has had many different meanings. For Adam Smith, political economy was the science of managing a nation’s resources so as to generate wealth. For Marx, it was how the ownership of the means of production influenced historical processes. For much of the twentieth century, the phrase political economy has had contradictory meanings. Sometimes it was viewed as an area of study (the interrelationship between economics and politics) while at other times it was viewed as a methodological approach. Even the methodological approach was divided into two parts the economic approach (often called public choice) emphasizing individual rationality and the sociological approach where the level of analysis tended to be institutional. In this Handbook, we view political economy as a grand (if imperfect) synthesis of these various strands. [download]

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Innovation Strategies for a Global Economy

Innovation Strategies for a Global Economy

By: Fred Gault

In 2009 when this book was written, the economy was in recession and people were asking what went wrong. Part of what went wrong was innovation in fi nancial services which resulted in the release of attractive new products to the market. They diff used rapidly and widely and then lost value. The rest is history, a painful history for those who lost homes, savings and businesses. As the fi rst signs of recovery appear, the question being asked is whether this can happen again. This book looks at innovation, what it is, how it is measured, and how policies are developed and implemented to support it. In doing this, the framework conditions are examined, like market regulation, and the costs of doing business, to see how the present situation could be avoided. However, framework conditions are not just the work of government, as culture and history contribute. [download]

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Heroic Defeats

Heroic Defeats 

By: Miriam A. Golden

Threatened with the bankruptcy of their employer in 1979, a majority of workers in Chrysler plants in the United Statesvoted for major concessions in wages and benefits in an attempt to reduce the company’s need for workforce reductions. Nonetheless, by so doing, employees tacitly endorsed the subsequent firings of thousands of their fellows. Faced with a similar situation a year later, autoworkers in Turin, rather than negotiating concessions, held out for 35 days in a strike against Italy’s largest private employer, Fiat, a strike that paradoxically only intensified after the firm retracted its threat to effect forced dismissals and proposed temporary layoffs in their place. At the same time, neighboring Olivetti plants were laying off thousands of employees with the active cooperation of the very same union that was making national headlines with its dramatic industrial action at Fiat. [download]

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All for One

All for One 

By: Andrew Sobel

Avariety of powerful forces are now creating unprecedented opportunities to partner with clients and add value in new ways. This book presents a road map for capturing these opportunities and building trusted client partnerships marked by depth, breadth, and longevity. It is organized around 10 fundamental strategies that combine to help you create a powerful, all-for-one, client-centered organization. These strategies have been identified and codified through an extensive, multiyear study of large scale client relationships built by a wide range of highly successful services firms. Why is this important? For your clients, these enduring, institutional relationships can increase value, reduce risk, and accelerate change. For you and your firm, they are the bedrock of your success. In good times they will fill your sails with wind, and in a difficult economy they provide essential ballast that will keep you on an even keel. [download]

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Theoritical Foundations of Law and Economics

Theoritical Foundations of Law and Economics

By: Mark D. White

Models constitute a central element in the methodology of economic analysis of law. John Brown’s model of accident law and others’ models of settlement and litigation, for instance, have provided numerous insights into tort law and to civil procedure respectively. Other models have been less successful. Despite their ubiquity, however, the role of models in economic analysis of law has been little discussed. How do models explain? How, or what, do we learn from them? What explains the differential success of models?What makes a model a good one? Under what circumstances ought policymakers rely on the results of a model? These questions are notoriously difficult, in part because the concept of a model is itself unclear. I shall address the question of what makes a “good” model by discussing in detail two narrow classes of models of adjudication that have often been understood as competitive. [download]
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Corporate Law and Economic Analysis

Corporate Law and Economic Analysis 

By: Lucian Arye Bebchuk

Drafts of all the articles in this volume were presented in a conference at HarvardLawSchoolin November 1986. The conference was sponsored by the Harvard Law School Program in Law and Economics. I wish to thank the John M. Olin Foundation which, through its generous grant to the Law and Economics Program, made possible the organization of the conference and the preparation of this volume. The purpose of the conference and of this volume has been to put together research work at the frontier of the economic analysis of corporate law, especially work on the main policy questions now confronting this area of the law. The last decade has brought certain corporate transactions and arrangements to the forefront of public attention and public debate. [download]

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Conquer The Crash

Conquer The Crash

By: Robert R. Prechter

How many times over the past decade have you heard glowing reports about the “New Economy”? hundreds, maybe thousands of times, right? Those of you who have been living on a desert island of who are reading this book fifty years from now can experience the same thing vicariously through figure 1-1, which displays the accelerating frequency with which the global media have been referring to the “New Economy” year after year. It’s been everywhere. Economists celebrate the broadening “service economiy” and proclaim that economic growth in the new information Age has been “unprecedented” in its vibrancy, resilience and scope. Rhetoric is cheap. Evidence is something else. What would you say if you discovered that we have not had anything near a new economy, that all that talk is a lie? [download]

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Production and Economic Dynamics

Production and Economic Dynamics 

By: Michael A. Landesmann and Roberto Scazzieri

The aim of this volume is to develop a new conceptual framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between productive structures and economic dynamics. This will be done by investigating the relationship between sectoral representations of the dynamics of economic systems and more detailed analyses of productive organisations and economic change. The theory of economic dynamics is by now an established tradition in the discipline. In extreme synthesis, a number of distinct approaches to economic dynamics may be identified. One approach considers the relationships between elements of an economic system within a given time interval, and exposes them to the impact of certain ‘impulses’, such as changes in exogenous variables or parameters. (Stability analysis in a general equilibrium framework of the neoclassical or classical type is an example of this approach to dynamic theory). [download]

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The Economics of Organised Crime

The Economics of Organised Crime

By: Gianluca Fiorentini and Sam Peltzman 

Most of the economists who involve themselves in the analysis of the activities of criminal organisations are led by a concern for what newspapers report about their continuous violations of the basic norms which have come to rule social life. However, such an interest also comes from the belief that some conceptual tools, theoretical results and empirical facts obtained by economists working on other issues can be put to work to reach a better understanding of their origins and activities. Further, since economists as such hold no comparative advantage in the area of ethical reflection with respect to other scholars such as moral philosophers or theologians, the economists’ most valuable contribution, at least because relatively scarce, should come from a positive analysis of the workings of criminal organisations, of their internal structure and of the constraints limiting their activities, with special reference to the constraints posed by the legal government. [download]

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21st Century Keynesian Economics

21^st Century Keynesian Economics

By: Philip Arestis and Malcolm Sawyer 

The current global financial and economic crisis seems to have reminded the economics profession of Keynes’s relevance. Even unreconstructed libertarians, most notably former Federal Reserve Chair, Alan Greenspan, have acknowledged the limitations of neoclassical theory and appear to be recalling some of the insights of Keynes. During the April 2009 Group of Twenty meeting in London, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and USPresident Barack Obama seemed to be channeling the spirit of Keynes. This state of affairs is heartening to Keynesian economists, a group that has largely labored in the professional margins since the 1970s. Whether the rediscovery of Keynes will ultimately have a lasting effect on the profession and the policy world is unknown at this point. [download]

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The New Economic for Industry, Gevernment, Education

The New Economic for Industry, Gevernment, Education 

By: W. Edwards Deming

Innovation. It is good to introduce. By innovation, a new product that will do the job better. But where does innovation come from? Where today are the makers of carburetors? There was a time when every automobile had a carburator, at least one. How could an automobile run without a carburator? The makers of carburators improved their product year by year. Customers were happy, loyal. What happened? Innovation. Came the fuel injector, which does the job of a carburetor, and a lotmore. The fuel injector costs more than a carburetor, but when one line of cars adopted it, all the others followed. Carburetors went out, even on trucks. Fewer readers, year by year, will remember carburetors. In time, the fuel injector will be displaced. New ways to inject fuel and air into the combustion chamber, and a new type of engine, will come forth and render obsolete the fuel injector. [download]

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