King and Country: England and Wales in The Fifteenth Century

King and Country: England and Wales in The Fifteenth Century 

By: Ralph A. Griffiths

This selection of essays and papers, published variously inWales, England,FranceandNorth Americabetween 1964 and 1990, deals with the fifteenth century. It explores themes in the history ofEngland,Walesand, to some extent, the dominions of the English crown beyond. Such a triple perspective can be instructive for the historian ofEnglandas well as for historians ofWalesand of the king’s lands overseas. Crown, court and capital were the fulcrum of political, administrative and social developments throughout the English realm and its associated dominions, as is illustrated here by the experience of Yorkshire and the north, and the principality and marches ofWales. Regional and more local relationships among magnates and gentry and their tenantry, among townsmen and religious and secular clergy, are of comparable significance in a polity which had strong and intricate links between capital and country, crown and localities, realm and dominions, court, castle, manor and town house. [download]

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The Leadership Genius of George W. Bush

The Leadership Genius of George W. Bush 

By: Carolyn B. Thompson and James W. Ware

George W. Bush may not hold himself out as a genius, but as the book closed on the 2002 midterm elections, it became abundantly clear that he is a brilliant leader. From the 2001 tax cut through terrorist and geopolitical crises, Bush’s mandates have carried the day since the moment he entered the Oval Office. It is therefore unfortunate that in modern politics no president has suffered as many jabs about his intelligence as George W. Bush. Although politicians are regular targets for comedians, late night talk show hosts, and cartoonists, with “Dubya” the attacks have been specially vicious. During the 2000 presidential campaign, David Letterman one night wisecracked, “Bush has a new campaign slogan. It’s ‘Reformer with Results.’ Which I think is a big improvement on the old one. [download]

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The Cambridge Companion to Benjamin Franklin

The Cambridge Companion to Benjamin Franklin

By: Carla Mulford

Benjamin Franklin is one of the best known but least understood ofAmerica’s revolutionary generation. He is well known to schoolchildren around the world as one who dabbled in the arts and sciences so as to invent bifocals and glass armonicas, refine the draft pipes and dampers of stoves, and develop and foster public libraries, in addition to savings, insurance, and fire companies. Journalists and those who enjoy the craft of printing honorFranklinas a central figure in the formation of printing and communication networks that afforded communication among the British colonies of the eastern seaboard of North America. Numismatists celebrate Franklinas the first Postmaster General in the colonies. Graphic artists and those who like to collect coins and engravings value Franklin’s work as an artist of political satire and an engraver of iconographic emblems representative of American materials and concerns. Indeed, Franklinhas great significance in a long tradition, from medieval times, of emblem-makers. [download]

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The Art of War

The Art of War 

By: Sun Tzu

Sun Tzu Wu was a native of the Ch`i State. His ART OF WAR brought him to the notice of Ho Lu, King of Wu. Ho Lu said to him: “I have carefully perused your 13 chapters. May I submit your theory of managing soldiers to a slight test?” Sun Tzu replied: “You may.” Ho Lu asked: “May the test be applied to women?” The answer was again in the affirmative, so arrangements were made to bring 180 ladies out of the Palace. Sun Tzu divided them into two companies, and placed one of the King’s favorite concubines at the head of each. He then bade them all take spears in their hands, and addressed them thus: “I presume you know the difference between front and back, right hand and left hand?” The girls replied: Yes. Sun Tzu went on: “When I say “Eyes front,” you must look straight ahead. When I say “Left turn,” you must face towards your left hand. When I say “Right turn,” you must face towards your right hand. When I say “About turn,” [download]

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Heroes

Heroes

By: Paul Johnson

In the Western Desert of Egypt, some twenty miles from the nearest road, you come across solitary tombs of stone, much weathered by the wind. Some are buried in the sand. They may be 3,000 or even 4,000 years old and testify to the veneration once felt for men of outstanding virtue or generosity or heroism by their younger contemporaries, who built the tombs to mark their respect and perpetuate the memory of the dead. The names have long since been obliterated by time and weather, but a certain sanctity hovers around the spot still. So too, in the Alps and the Tyrol, in the Pyrenees and the Carpathians, little shrines by the wayside, and rustic ornamental fountainheads over springs, commemorate the lives of local men or women who once struck their neighbors as remarkable. [download]

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One Hundred Days

One Hundred Days 

By: Alan Schom

“It seems to me an historian’s foremost duty to ensure that merit is recorded, and to confront evil deeds and words with the fear of posterity’s denunciations,” Tacitus commented in his Annals of Imperial Rome. If Tacitus is correct, then Napoleon Bonaparte is surely one of the most fortunate of all historical figures, having managed to escape, as he has, such a confrontation with posterity. This is made all the more remarkable, in that most of his “evil deeds and words” are well documented, and recorded, and available for all to see and contemplate. By February 1815 Napoleon had decided to escape from his island prison of Elba and attempt to overthrow the newly restored and internationally recognized Bourbon monarchy in France. The period of his return is generally known as “The Hundred Days,” referring in fact to the period of Louis XVIII’s absence from the French capital, from 20 March to 8 July, in reality a duration of 121 days. [download]

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50 Timeless Scientists

50 Timeless Scientists

By: K. Krishna Murty

Man’s ability to think is the motive power behind all human progress. The desire to discover, ability to create, dissatisfaction at the present and the persistence despite failures are the wheels of development. Chance, serendipity, accident, inspiration or emotional experiences all are Nature’s ways but for sure it favors a prepared mind! We now enjoy those fruits from the gardens of Arya Bhatta to Amar Bose, from Charles Goodyear to Charles Townes and from Susruta to Subba Rao. The story of science is an exciting drama unfolding comedy and tragedy, success and failure. When the tireless inventive geniuses worked dangerously into the frontiers of unknown knowledge, nature cracked its codes in mysterious ways and the laboratories have crackled some time in wonder, some time in humor and some time in mysticism. [download]

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Max Havelaar-The Coffee Auctions of The Dutch Trading Company

Max Havelaar-The Coffee Auctions of The Dutch Trading Company

By: Multatuli

I am a coffee-broker, and live at No. 37 Laurier Canal, Amsterdam. I am not accustomed to writo novels or works of that kind ; therefore it took me a long time before I could resolve to order a few extra quires of paper and begn this book, which you, dear reader, have just taken in hand, and which you must finish, whether you are a coffee-broker or anything else. Not only that I never wrote anything that resembled a novel, but I even do not like to read such things, because I am a man of business. For many years I have asked myself what is the use of such works, and I am astonished at the impudence with which many a poet or novelist dares to tell you storiea which never happened, aud often never could have happened at all. [download]

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Indonesian Communism Under Sukarno

Indonesian Communism Under Sukarno 

By: Rex Mortimer 

The Indonesian Communist Party (PKl) rose to its height of strength and influence during the fint half of the 1960′s, a period dominated inIndonesiaby the charismatic figure of President Sukarno, who for a time mesmerized his own countrymen and attracted world attention by prodigious displays of grandeur and anti-imperialist bravado. During Sukamo’s reign, and under his protection, the PKl became the largest non ruling Communist party in the world, and many inside and outside Indonesia believed it would usher in the next Communist state. Then, almost overnight. the party was destroyed in one of the great bloodbaths of modern history. In the wake of the bizarre and controversial coup episode of October 1965, it was swept off the political stage, to be followed soon after by its patron Sukarno. [download]

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Malcolm X-Millitant Black Leader

Malcolm X-Millitant Black Leader

By: Jack Rummel

Nearly 20 years ago Chelsea House Publishers began to publish the first volumes in the series called BLACK AMERICANS OF ACHIEVEMENT. This series eventually numbered over a hundred books and profiled outstanding African Americans from many walks of life. Today, if you ask school teachers and school librarians what comes to mind when you mentionChelsea House, many will say “Black Americans of Achievement.” The mix of individuals whose lives we covered was eclectic, to say the least. Some were well known Muhammad Ali and Dr.Martin Luther King, Jr, for example. But others, such as Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth, were lesser-known figures who were introduced to modern readers through these books. The individuals profiled were chosen for their actions, their deeds, and ultimately their influence on the lives of others and their impact on our nation as a whole. [download]

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Deng Xioping and The Chinese Revolution

Deng Xioping and The Chinese Revolution 

By: David S.G. Goodman

In the twentieth century the term ‘The Chinese Revolution’ has been used to refer to three relatively distinct but overlapping ideas. One is the transformation of China from Napoleon’s ‘sleeping giant’ to a modern state, which has been the goal of various different kinds of nationalists for most of the century. The second is more narrowly the revolution that brought the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to power in 1949 after its foundation in 1921, its abortive revolution of 1927, war with Japan and two civil wars. The third is the revolution often variable in trajectory waged by the CCP in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) after 1949 to establish new social, political and economic structures. Of all China’s leaders in the twentieth century, few have played such a central role in all three of those ideas of China’s revolution as Deng Xiaoping. [download]

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Khatami and Gorbachev

Khatami and Gorbachev

By: Zhand Shakibi

2005 marked the twentieth anniversary of Mikhail Gorbachev’s appointment to the post of general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). That same year in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) Hojjatoleslam Sayyed Mohammad Khatami, having served his second and constitutionally last term as president, left government service. These men attempted to breathe new life into the ideological polities that emerged from two of the greatest events of the twentieth century, the Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917 and the Islamic Revolution of 1979. These revolutions proclaimed new forms of universalist utopian modernities. In spring 1985 Gorbachev became general secretary. Believing the Soviet system had suffered political, economic, and social stagnation under the leadership of Leonid I. Brezhnev (1964-1982), Gorbachev launched and then became a victim of his politics of change, known as glasnost’ and perestroika. [download]

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Stalin-New History

Stalin-New History

Edited By: Sarah Davies and James Harris

The figure of Joseph Stalin has always provoked heated and often polarised debate. The recent declassification of a substantial portion of Stalin’s archive has made possible this fundamental new assessment of the Soviet leader. In this groundbreaking study, leading international experts challege many assumptions about Stalin from his early life in Georgia to the Cold War years with contributions ranging across the political, economic, social, cultural, ideological, and international history of the Stalin era. The volume provides a deeper understanding of the nature of Stalin’s power and of the role of ideas in his politics, presenting a more complex and nuanced image of one of the most important leaders of the twentieth century. This study is without precedent in the field of Russian history and will prove invaluable reading

for students of Stalin and Stalinism. [download]

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Augusto Pinochet–The Dictator’s Shadow

Augusto Pinochet–The Dictator’s Shadow

By: Heraldo Munoz

GENERAL AUGUSTO PINOCHET IS ONE of the world’s most recognizable Latin American political figures. Whether Chileans like it or not, the name of their former dictator is remembered from Asia and Africa to the Americas and Europe, by taxi drivers, ambassadors, salesmen, and presidents. Pinochet is in a class with Francisco Franco, Joseph Stalin, Ferdinand Marcos, and the Shah of Iran. The dictator’s name did not recede into obscurity with his death in December 2006. In October 2007, about a hundred students who staged a demonstration at Tehran University against President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, demanding the release of detained fellow students, chanted, “Ahmadinejad is Pinochet. Iran will not become Chile!”. [download]

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Tahun Yang Tak Pernah Berakhir

Tahun Yang Tak Pernah Berakhir

Editor: John Roosa, Ayuh Ratih, dan Hilmar Farid

“Sejarah Lisan” bukan istilah yang akrab di telinga banyak orang Indonesia. Mungkin istilah itu malah dianggap aneh karena pemahaman umum mengenai sejarah adalah studi tentang masa lalu berdasarkan dokumen tertulis. Ketika kami mengatakan bahwa kami sedang menulis sejarah berdasarkan wawancara lisan, reaksi orang pada umumnya penuh keraguan: ”Bagaimana kalian bisa yakin bahwa orang yang diwawancarai itu memang berkata benar?”. reaksi ini bisa dimengerti karena ingatan manusia, tentu saja, tidak pernah lengkap dan bahkan bisa salah; cerita orang tentang pengalaman masa lalu selalu mungkin mengandung bermacam distorsi dn kesalahan. Bagaimana dengan anda?. [download]

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Dalih Pembunuhan Massal – Gerakan 30 September dan Kudeta Soeharto

Dalih Pembunuhan Massal – Gerakan 30 September dan Kudeta Soeharto

Penulis: John Roosa

Bagi Sejarahwan yang ingin memahami perjalanan sejarah Indonesia odern, hal yang terkadang menimbulkan rasa frustasi ialah justeru karena kejadian yang paling misterius ternyata merupakan salah satu babak kejadian yang terpenting. Sebagaimana ungkapan “Kebenaran tentang perebutan kekuasaan tidak boleh dibikin jelas; pada mulanya ia terjadi tanpa alas an tapi kemudian menjadi masuk akal. Kita harus memastikan bahwa kebenaran itu dianggap sah dan abadi; adapun asal-muasalnya sendiri harus disembunyikan, jika kita tidak ingin kebenaran itu cepat berakhir”. Lalu apa sesungguhnya yang terjadi pada tanggal 30 September 1965?. [download]

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Soeharto Bapak Pembangunan Indonesia

Soeharto Bapak Pembangunan Indonesia

Terbitan: Majalah Tokoh Indonesia

Setelah menoleh ke belakang, bagaimana kiprah para pemimpin bangsa ini, khususnya Presiden, dalam menggerakkan pembangunan selama 60 tahun Indonesia merdeka, kami menjadi merasa perlu mengemukakan bahwa ternyata menjadi presiden itu tidak mudah. Hal ini semakin terasa pada era reformasi ini, yang hanya dalam tujuh tahun sudah empat kali presiden berganti. Yakni dari BJ Habibie ke KH Abdurrahman Wahid, kemudian ke Megawati Soekarnoputri dan Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Dengan tidak bermaksud kurang menghargai mereka sebagai pemimpin negeri ini, namun dengan berat hati harus kita akui bahwa keempatnya, praktis belum mampu berbuat apa-apa jika dilihat dari karya nyata pembangunan fisik (ekonomi). [download]

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Membongkar Gurita Cikeas – Dibalik Skandal Bank Century

Membongkar Gurita Cikeas – Dibalik Skandal Bank Century

Penulis: George Junus Aditjondro

Badai kecil yang menerjang periode 100 hari kepemimpinan SBY itu tk dimungkiri berdampak pada menurunnya popularitas SBY sendiri di mata publik, satu permasalahan belum usai, kasus pelik kemba;li menghantam SBY berikut kendaraan politiknya. Sekedar menyadarkan, inilah misi dibalik diterbitkannya buku “Membongkar Gurit Cikeas”. Kami tidak bermaksud menyerang lingkaran keluarga Cikeas. Buku ini ditulis justeru sebagai bentuk KEPEDULIAN kami untuk memperbaik kinerja pemerintahan SBY. Kami berharap agar SBY benar-benar fair memberantas KKN tanpa pandang bulu, sudah barang tentu perang terhadap KKN itu dimulai dari keluarga besarnya. Jujur saja, konsistensi sikap SBY memerangi kasus korupsi menuai pandangan skeptis dari banyak kalangan. [download]

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Joan of Arc and The Hundred Years War

Joan of Arc and The Hundred Years War

By: Deborah A. Fraioli

The Middle Ages are no longer considered the “Dark Ages” (as Petrarch termed them), sandwiched between the two enlightened periods of classical antiquity and the Renaissance. Often defined as a historical period lasting, roughly, from 500 to 1500 c.e., the Middle Ages span an enormous amount of time (if we consider the way other time periods have been constructed by historians) as well as an astonishing range of countries and regions very different from one another. That is, we call the “Middle” Ages the period beginning with the fall of the Roman Empire as a result of raids by northern European tribes of “barbarians” in the late antiquity of the fifth and sixth centuries and continuing until the advent of the so-called Italian and English renaissances, or rebirths of classical learning. [download]

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Tan Malaka – Madilog (Materialisme, Dialektika, Logika)

Tan Malaka – Madilog (Materialisme, Dialektika, Logika)

Penulis: Tan Malaka

Mokojobi, 15-6-2602. tanggal opisil kini, waktu saya menulis “Madilog’’. Dalam perhitungan “tuan’’ yang sekarang sedang jatuh dari tahta pemerintahan Indonesia itu bersamaan dengan Donderdag Juli 15, 1942. Murid bangsa Indonesia yang bersekolah Arab dekat tempat saya menulis ini, menarikkan pada hari kamis, bulan Radjab 30, 1362. Semua itu memberi gambaran, bahwa Indonesia sebenarnya belum bertanggal berumur sendiri. Indonesia tulen belum timbul dari tenggelamnya berabad-abad itu. 11 Juli 1942 petang, saya sampai di Jakarta. Saya meninggalkan Telokbetong pada 7 Juli. Rupanya sama dengan tanggal Ir Sukarno meninggalkan Palembang. Tetapi ada perbedaan. Kapal yang saya tumpangi cuma perahu layar tak lebih dari 4 ton, tua dan bocor walaupun namanya merdu bunyinya "Sri Renyet’’. Perahu layar ini sama sekali menjadi permainan angin saja. Kalau angin dari belakang majulah dia. Kalau dari muka berlabuhlah dia, walaupun dekat karang, kalau dia tak mau dibalikkan kembali atau ditenggelamkan. [download]

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