If queried, Victorian Englishmen would probably have answered that most middle-class women of marriageable age were, or soon would be, wives and mothers. These Englishmen might have been surprised by the 1851 census. Out of a population of almost eighteen million, women outnumbered men in Great Britainby over 500,000, and more than 800,000 women almost 10 percent of the female population were classified as spinsters. The disparity in numbers of men and women continued to grow throughout the century; there were 1.4 million more women than men by 1911. A contributing factor was the higher mortality rate for young boys; fewer boys than girls survived past the age of fifteen. The imbalance was, however, especially great among the middle classes, and other factors besides mortality played into it. [download]
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