Although people have been resolving conflicts as long as they have existed, conflict resolution as a unique field is relatively new. In one sense, it can be traced back to a group of scholars and practitioners who responded to World War I with efforts to try to prevent a recurrence of worldwide, violent conflict. Leading scholars from international relations and other fields began to apply scientific methods to investigate the causes and processes of conflict and to try to develop ways to avoid conflict escalation and its destructive results. This research was stalled during World War II, but it began again even more intensely after the war. In the early 1950s, scholars such as Herbert Kelman, Kenneth Boulding, and Anatol Rapoport founded the Research Exchange on the Prevention of War. [download]
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