During the past three centuries, three economists stand out as archetypes symbols of three distinc approaches to economic philosophy. In the eighteenth century. Adam Smith, a student of the Scotish Enlightenment, expounded a “system of natural liberty” (what we might term a liberal democratic order consisting of an unfettered marked and limited government), and elucidated how a nation flourishes and advances the standard of living of its citizens. In the nineteenth century, the German Philosopher Karl Marx attracted inspired workers and intellectuals who felt disenfranchised by industrial, capitalism and sought radical solutions to inequality, alienation, and exploitation of the underprivileged. Finally, in the twentieth century, the British economist John Maynard Keynes sought to stabilize a crisis-prone market system throuht activist fiscal and monetary government policies. [download]
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